• How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow and

  2022-09-17

  

  How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow and other organs? Perivascular α-mangostin receptor with MSC properties significantly contribute to fibrosis in muscle, fat, skin, heart, kidney, lung, and liver (reviewed in Iwayama et al., 2015) and activate Gli1 in many of these organs (Kr

• The usefulness of GIP R

  2022-09-17

  

  The usefulness of GIP-R antagonism for the treatment of obesity-diabetes has been revealed in numerous studies employing knockout or chemical blockade of GIP-R signalling.*88, 89, *90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, *97 For example, sub-chronic daily administration of (Pro3)GIP to ob/ob mice results in sig

• br The Farnesoid X receptor FXR identification and

  2022-09-17

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phys

• br RESULTS br DISCUSSION In this study we found impaired

  2022-09-17

  

  RESULTS DISCUSSION In this study, we found impaired apoptosis in the peripheral blood of RA patients when compared with peripheral blood from normal controls. Our previous studies have shown that the number of CD4 + T 2143 synthesis increased while regulatory T (Treg) cells diminished in the

• Remarkably most of these molecules are also quite effective

  2022-09-17

  

  Remarkably, most of these molecules are also quite effective in interfering with the proliferation of the drug-resistant cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 2.93 μM against MCF-7/ADR cells, and from 0.160 to 1.17 μM against NSCLC-resistant H1975 cells. Among these molecules, com

• br Results br Discussion HIV

  2022-09-17

  

  Results Discussion HIV reservoirs represent a major barrier to HIV eradication (Archin et al., 2014, Kimata et al., 2016), and substantial research efforts are being directed toward the goal of identifying and eliminating this obstacle to cure (Archin and Margolis, 2014, Pitman et al., 2018).

• Transcriptional elongation is a checkpoint for productive tr

  2022-09-16

  

  Transcriptional elongation is a checkpoint for productive transcription. In ESCs, ∼50% of the genes enriched for H3K4me3 are initially transcribed but do not enter productive elongation (Guenther et al., 2007, Rahl et al., 2010). Following promoter escape, the transcriptional elongating protein comp

• Renal disease is characterized by aberrant

  2022-09-16

  

  Renal disease is characterized by aberrant fibrotic remodeling of renal tissue, elevated apoptosis in kidney tissue, and eventual organ failure. In addition, patients with renal disease are more likely to suffer from systemic hypertension due to oxidative damage (reviewed in Ref. [18]). Treatment of

• While the specific set of challenges associated with deorpha

  2022-09-16

  

  While the specific set of challenges associated with deorphanization and transforming each poorly characterized GPCR into a useful drug target will be unique, much can be learned by considering how these issues have been addressed for other receptors. One group of poorly characterized GPCRs that hav

• hGPR was mapped to human

  2022-09-16

  

  hGPR55 was mapped to human chromosome 2q37, and in the human CNS it is predominantly localized to the caudate, putamen, and striatum (Sawzdargo et al., 1999). In rats, in situ hybridization indicated expression in hippocampus, thalamus and regions of the midbrain (Sawzdargo et al., 1999). Ryberg et

• br Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting

  2022-09-16

  

  Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting efficient Bisindolylmaleimide IV australia propagation, myelin is also critical for trophic and metabolic support of axons [56]. To provide metabolites to axons accurately, glia must ‘know’ the metabolic requirements of axons. Could electrical activ

• The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients

  2022-09-16

  

  The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be mimicked in the laboratory by culturing cancer Fostamatinib in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enforcing the evolution of acquired drug resistance. This has been described in multiple model systems including the

• Since the isoflavone emerged as privileged scaffold in Hh

  2022-09-16

  

  Since the isoflavone emerged as privileged scaffold in Hh inhibition, based on molecular modeling predictions and prior studies [17,22], here we designed a number of isoflavones able to interact preferentially with the Smo receptor or the Gli protein. Molecules were synthesized by means of a novel s

• Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can

  2022-09-16

  

  Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all the characteristic motor and non-motor signs of PD, in addition to mimicking the same responses and side effects to drugs used to treat PD [37], [38]. Anatomically, intoxication with MPTP induces the same selective loss of substantia nigra DA n

• Galactosidase Gal EC is an enzyme

  2022-09-15

  

  α-Galactosidase (α-Gal, EC 3.2.1.22) is an enzyme exoglycosidase, and the main role of this enzyme is the enzymolysis of α-galactoside. After this hydrolysis, galactosylation of cyclodextrins by the α-galactosidase occurs, thus forming α-galactosyl-cyclodextrin. This branched CD is easy to dissolve

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