• TGR is a class A GPCR

  2021-12-27

  

  TGR5 is a class A GPCR, transducing signal through Gs-protein mediated cAMP accumulation, and was recently reclassified as the founder member of the bile–acid receptor subclass of GPCRs [22]. The cAMP-mediated signaling of TGR5 activation has been implicated in a range of cellular physiological acti

• To overcome these limitations investigators

  2021-12-27

  

  To overcome these limitations, investigators have developed novel strategies for identifying and purifying gonadotropes from transgenic mouse models. For example, FSH-producing gonadotropes have been tagged in vivo with a transgenic cell surface antigen (H-2Kk) so that they can be purified in vitro

• Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when

  2021-12-27

  

  Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when ewes have a BCS that exceeds a minimum threshold [43]. The pregnancy rate is increased in sheep with BCS ≥2.5 [44] and >2 [45]. In this work, pregnancy rate was higher in the GnRH group with low BCS compared to the hCG and Control groups. Des

• Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR agonists as

  2021-12-27

  

  Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR40 agonists as reported in literature, we found that a number of these compounds contained a phenylpropanoic Cy3 TSA motif which was inspired from naturally occurring medium to long chain fatty acids. For instance, in the early period of discovering TAK-8

• br Acknowledgements This research was funded by Ministry

  2021-12-27

  

  Acknowledgements This research was funded by Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE), and supported by the Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, Department of Drug Design, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Malaysia. HPLC equipment used for high-resolution

• Introduction As per WHO report in

  2021-12-27

  

  Introduction As per WHO report, in 2014 more than 422 million peoples were living with diabetes and according to International Diabetes Federation, by 2045 this figure would reach 693 million [1,2]. Diabetes, a fast growing major health problem, is common chronic, metabolic disease characterized by

• The rapid actions of glucocorticoids range

  2021-12-27

  

  The rapid actions of glucocorticoids range from the production of endocannabinoid as a retrograde messenger [9], to regulation of ion channels [10], [11], to inhibitory effects on immune Cinobufagin [12], [13], [14]. Many different kinase signaling pathways have been implicated in the rapid actions

• Subsequently we decided to test whether the orexin pathway w

  2021-12-27

  

  Subsequently, we decided to test whether the orexin pathway was involved (Delhanty et al, 2012, Delhanty et al, 2013, Pei et al, 2014). Orexin neuronal systems are known to control limbic and neocortical structures (Bonnavion, de Lecea, 2010, Sakurai, 2007). Orexin receptors and possibly orexin synt

• The significance of A and tau as therapeutic

  2021-12-24

  

  The significance of Aβ and tau as therapeutic targets is not only derived from pathological evidence of postmortem brain but also from biochemical analysis of cultured human neurons. This is largely based on the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology that has been established to study Aβ, t

• Another small compound targeting IBAT has been evaluated in

  2021-12-24

  

  Another small compound targeting IBAT has been evaluated in Phase I clinical trial (EudraCT 2013-001175-21) [86]. The oral administration of A4250 to healthy subjects did not give rise to any serious adverse events, was well tolerated and had a similar safety profile as elobixibat; however, it cause

• BMP signals play pivotal roles in the

  2021-12-24

  

  BMP signals play pivotal roles in the various processes of chondrogenesis [12], [13]. At early stages of chondrogenesis, BMP signaling regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal TC-I 2000 into chondrocytes via the induction of Sox9[29]. The loss of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, results in the overgro

• kanamycin br Surrogate ligands for GPR Although identificati

  2021-12-24

  

  Surrogate ligands for GPR35 Although identification of endogenously produced chemicals with agonist action at GPR35 is of considerable importance, the ligands described above are far from ideal to probe the roles of GPR35. Surrogate ligands are therefore required. Until recently, the key GPR35 ag

• br Introduction Lichen forming fungi LFFs have

  2021-12-24

  

  Introduction Lichen-forming fungi (LFFs) have evolved in various classes, including Arthoniomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes and Lichinomycetes, in Ascomycota (James et al., 2006, Schoch et al., 2009a, Lumbsch and Rikkinen, 2017, Prieto et

• Because sleep and metabolism are intimately linked the autho

  2021-12-24

  

  Because sleep and metabolism are intimately linked, the authors next move to study whether Eaat2 also controls metabolic rate. First, we must ask how sleep and metabolism are connected at a functional level. The Calyculin A synthesis allocation hypothesis of sleep posits that organisms temporally p

• To help resolve the question of simple binding

  2021-12-24

  

  To help resolve the question of simple binding versus transport, we reasoned that if quercetin is transported by GLUT1, we should be able to block its uptake by other GLUT1 inhibitors. We initially investigated the effects of two newly identified GLUT1 inhibitors, BAY-876 and WZB-117. WZB-117 was fi

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