• Finally the recent work to define the microcircuitry

  2020-09-29

  

  Finally, the recent work to define the microcircuitry of the central amygdala and the role of specific cell populations in fear conditioning can stand as a useful model for advances in preclinical alcohol research. To date, the role of the amygdala in alcohol-related behaviors, and reward-related be

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cell cycle arrest or

  2020-09-28

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cell cycle arrest or delay may occur at 3 major checkpoints, i.e. G1/S, intra-S and G2/M. p53 has a central role in controlling the G1/S checkpoint, and its loss or deactivation, occurring in the majority of cancers, forces cancer cells to rely on the S and G2/M ch

• In conclusion the results obtained in this study

  2020-09-28

  

  In conclusion, the results obtained in this study and those recently reported by our group (Abdel-Samad et al., 2012) clearly indicate that a dialogue indeed exists between the systems of NPY and ET-1 at the level of human endocardial endothelial cells, since these cells, whether isolated from the r

• Although we observed increases in AR mediated

  2020-09-28

  

  Although we observed increases in α1-AR mediated cAMP production separately in the nucleus and cytoplasm, compartment specificity was observed for PKA activation. GPCRs and their effector proteins are commonly found in multiprotein signalosomes with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) serving as sca

• Berberine It has been reported that Eph

  2020-09-28

  

  It has been reported that Eph/Ephrin are involved in the regulation of the tumor angiogenesis [10], [11], [12]. The distinct and specific involvement of Berberine and veins in tumor angiogenesis is unclear. EphrinB2 is expressed in arteries and its receptor EphB4 is expressed in veins; these molecu

• br Disclaimer Statement br Introduction The erythropoietin p

  2020-09-28

  

  Disclaimer Statement Introduction The erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (Eph) receptors represent the largest class of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are type I transmembrane proteins that interact with their membrane-bound ligands the ephrins and facilitate cell-to-cell contacts resul

• The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways

  2020-09-28

  

  The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results

• br Conclusions br Declaration of

  2020-09-28

  

  Conclusions Declaration of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by an AIRC (Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro-Milan) Grant KFR062-2 to A.G.L, by Ricerca Funds by Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (Grant No. 180/01) and by the ERA-NET “ERare” (Grant GO

• Memantine hydrochloride receptor A comparative analysis of t

  2020-09-28

  

  A comparative analysis of the cleavage activity of different forms of the BoNT/A endopeptidase in reduced conditions with SNAPtide and full-length SNAP-25 substrate is summarized in Fig. 5, Fig. 6. The BoNT/A LC was found to be the most active against SNAPtide, a small peptide segment of the SNAP-25

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA is considered a major health c

  2020-09-28

  

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is considered a major health concern and is associated with extremely high rates of mortality in case of aortic rupture. The main pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to aortic dilation include the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as colla

• What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as

  2020-09-28

  

  What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as they navigate around the lymph node in the course of the immune response? It was recently reported that Tfh cells inside GCs have high expression of SIPR2, which acts to repel them from the S1P-rich lymph in the SCS and promote their retention i

• It has only recently been appreciated

  2020-09-28

  

  It has only recently been appreciated that antigen-activated 155 8 undertake two additional transient migrations during the early stages of T-dependent antibody responses. In the first of these, antigen-activated B cells migrate rapidly (within 2–3h) to the outer regions of the follicle before they

• The strand domain swap in

  2020-09-28

  

  The β strand domain swap in the UbV.XR dimer appears to be a unique arrangement for a Ub-based dimer. In solution, free Ub has a KD of ∼5 mM for the monomer-dimer equilibrium, and the two subunits in the dimer adopt a range of relative orientations involving residues from Ub’s β sheet (Liu et al., 2

• It is currently believed that acute morphine administration

  2020-09-28

  

  It is currently believed that acute morphine administration can impair learning and memory (Friswell et al., 2008). Chronic morphine treatment can also impair access to and retention of spatial memory (Spain and Newsom, 1991, Zheng et al., 2002). Using the Morris water maze experiment, we have previ

• DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways canonical non

  2020-09-27

  

  DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways: canonical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) (Chapman et al., 2012). c-NHEJ comprises two sub-pathways, a resection-independent process and a resection-dependent process, and can rejoin break ends with little or no sequen

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